Divine Aesthetics: Bhagavad Gita's Path of Dharma, Devotion, and Rasa

Abstract

This paper investigates the deep and lasting influence of the Bhagavad Gita on Indian aesthetic theory and practice. It intertwines duty (dharma) and devotion (bhakti) in a transformational framework for grappling with ideals of heroism, beauty, and universality in emotional experience expressed through art. The study reveals how the text's grounding philosophy aligns with and enhances the Natyashastra's aesthetic theory—especially leading to the development of shanta rasa (peace)—through symbolic and allegorical modes. Central to this analysis is sadharanikarana (universalization), through which the Gita moves transcendentally from individual emotional experience to universality. At the heart of the poorvapaksha (initial argument) is the interpretative brilliance of classical aestheticians like Abhinavagupta, which positions the Gita as a foundational text that continues to feed the very lifeblood of Indian aesthetic theory and artistic practice. The investigation shines a spotlight on the vision of aesthetic experience that the text, with its vast philosophical depth, has gifted to India—a vision that has decidedly transformative spiritual potential.